The Life of Louis Sullivan free essay sample

It is here that Sullivan developed an intense concept of nature, which would be apparent in his later work. By the age of twelve, Louis decided to pursue a career in architecture. Moses Wilson, one of Sullivan high school teachers, introduced him to the disciplines of silence, attention, and alertness, which are necessary components Of the abilities to observe, reflect, and discriminate. These would serve to help him in his career pursuits. As Gray, a botanist from Harvard who lectured at his school, caught his interest in the morphology of plants. At the age of sixteen, he was admitted two years early to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Sullivan first employment came as a draftsman for the architectural firm Furriness and Hewitt in Philadelphia, which he felt was best suited to his tastes. The economic panic of 1 837 forced resulted in his layoff from the firm and his relocation to Chicago. It was here that he went to work for Major William Lebanon Jenny. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of Louis Sullivan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was not long before Louis had aquatint himself with numerous other architects in the city, the most important of whom would turn out to be JohnDelano. The summer of 1874 showed Sullivan traveling overseas to the Cole des Bear Arts in Paris. After passing rigorous admission tests, he studied geometric form from Monsieur Closet. Next, Louis toured Italy to study its fine works of art. Sullivan returned to Chicago in 1875, where he worked several draftsman positions over the next five years. After this period, John Delano introduced him to Dammar Adler. The two formed a partnership in 1881 that would last fourteen years. Sullivan handled the design of their architecture, while Adler oversaw the engineering.Louis had two main protà ©gà ©es over the course of his career. Frank Lloyd Wright was his chief draftsman until 1893, when George Grant Elms took over the position until 1909. Infant, Elms had an influential hand in Sullivan work during the last years of the operation. After the turn of the century however, Sullivan became destitute with few commissions. Prior to his death in 1 924, he wrote A System of Architectural Ornament. In the book, he illustrates natural world theme apparent in his work. In a relatively short amount of time,Sullivan achieved many strides in American architecture. His works were based on the Romantic Movement of the time, and his most common building ornaments depicted flowers. He constructed diverse types Of structures including residences, office buildings, banks, warehouses, factories, theaters, libraries, and an auditorium. Louis was always one to incorporate the latest technological advances into his work. He was the first to utilize steel framework in his construction of the Insurance Building of Chicago in 1884. It was this structure that paved the way for modern-day skyscrapers.He was also one of the first to utilize the electric elevator, and incorporate it seamlessly into his masonry. Today, the majority of Sullivan s buildings have faced demolition. However, an effort was taken on by the Southern Illinois university to collect and preserve the various ornaments on his buildings prior to their destruction. These samples of his work can be observed at the college museum. However, there still are structures of Sullivan standing today. The rural banks that he constructed in Ohio between 1907 and 1920 have been considered by many to be his best remaining work.

Civil Rights Diary of a University of Mississippi Student Essays

Civil Rights Diary of a University of Mississippi Student Essays Civil Rights Diary of a University of Mississippi Student Essay Civil Rights Diary of a University of Mississippi Student Essay Civil Rights Diary of a University of Mississippi Student Name Course Date Civil Rights Diary of a University of Mississippi Student In a period marred by racial prejudice and segregation between blacks and white was prominent, James Meredith had a strength of mind to advance his schooling at the University of Mississippi which was located in Oxford. During this time, the University was referred to as Ole Miss and exclusively conducted admissions on people of the white race. In the year of 1961, James Meredith sent an application to study at the University. He had previously sent two applications to be enrolled. His request was eventually denied after a long period of delay. In his determination to attend the University, even after its refusal, Meredith advanced for his rights by asking the assistance of the National Association of the Advancement of Colored people. They filed the lawsuit based on racial discrimination. It was also a fight for civil rights of the African American community. The University was sued with the claim that they denied his request to enroll because of â€Å"his racial background† (James Doyle, p.34, 2001) and not because of a lack of educational qualification. The case reached its peak at the Supreme Court, and he won the case. The final decision aggravated a constitutional predicament between the Federal government and Mississippi. Even though he won, the case the struggle was far from over especially in the realm of power. The politics of the day would prove to be a huddle in his course for education. The Mississippi Governor Mr. Ross Barnett firmly opposed the incorporation of African Americans at Ole Miss. Prior to this, the Governor attempted to block his request by ensuring the legislature passed the law directed at Meredith. The law stated â€Å"no person that was convicted of a crime† (Doyle, p.73, 2001) would gain admission into the School and Meredith faced allegations of false registration during voting. Together with others members of the white community, the governor vowed to curtail Meredith’s enrolment at all costs even his enrolment. Meredith’s entrance into the University in September of 1962 was a violent and unforgettable event. â€Å"The broadcasts reported excitement at the Campus†(Doyle, p.212, 2001) His path had been blocked by a huge angry crowed of 2000 students and including the police throwing bricks and numerous items were thrown at him. Guards who were protecting him were not spared. The Attorney General Robert Kennedy issued an order to have federal troops put into effect the law and let him to continue with his registration at the university However, hostility reigned and the crowed and troops were engaged in a violent confrontation causing the murder of two and scores of others wounded. The Federal troops stayed on the campus vicinity to protect him and on the first day of October 1962, Meredith was registered becoming the first African-American to join the University. This marked a noteworthy milestone for the individuals fighting for Civil rights, as well as an acknowledgment of these rights. Meredith finally enrolled at Ole Miss and successfully completed his studies the following year with a degree in political science. Socially, his term at the school was not productive. Threats of increased violence were a common thing in his education. In addition, there was racial discrimination. During his two semesters on campus, â€Å"students gave him no peace† (Eagles, p. 119, 2009). Students ensured that they created a hostile environment and some were said to bounce their basketballs just a floor above his room at nighttime. This was a way of disturbing his peace and sleep in the nighttime. At the cafeteria, they would exclude him. When he would walk in, they turned their backs on him while eating. The tables with white scholars would immediately be emptied when he sat with them. The efforts of James Meredith was a surge to win the fight against racism .The fact that he had to carry out his activities in the School with an army following him are a clear indication of the dominance of racism at the time. The endeavors to desegregate the learning institution further encouraged Americans situated south to rise against the discriminatory laws, acts and policies. References Doyle, W. (2001). An American Insurrection: The battle of Oxford, Mississippi, 1962. New York: Doubleday. Eagles, C. W. (2009). The price of defiance: James Meredith and the integration of Ole Miss. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press.

Conceptual Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conceptual Framework - Essay Example Apart from the public versus private project distinction there is very little to differentiate between them. Current accounting and auditing practices are basically centered on the primary and immediate concerns of the practitioners, i.e. accountants and auditors presume the importance of rule-based accounting practices to be the ultimate aim so that failures can be disregarded as technical variances. In other words compliance with accounting and auditing rules is of primary and immediate concern to the practitioner. The significance of this outcome is essentially seen in the modern compliance-centric accounting environments where hierarchically organized structures exert an extraordinary amount of pressure on the average accountant/auditor to comply with norms that have very little if any to do with such broader and more important concepts like corporate governance, quality of accounting and auditing practices, audit judgment, auditor behavior, business forensics concerning auditing and the corporate pricing policy of audits. Thus the inevitable outcome is that CF projects fail and despite these failures they are being undertaken purely in conformance with standard setting behavioral tendencies of boards and other governing bodies. The Board should decide often whether a piece of data should be recognized in the financial statements, when such an item should be recognized, and at what amount it should be recognized. The Board has depended on the conceptual framework of other standards setters and analogous examples from practice or previous standards to make such decisions in the past. This technique of decision making tends to give rise to certain inconsistencies in financial reporting standards and could bring about too much dependence being placed on accounting concepts which were not developed for a governmental environment (Taylor, & Dezoort, 2003). Analysis Therefore, the project on recognition and measurement attributes is necessary to give the GASB with conceptual guidance as to when elements of financial statements should be reported in particular financial statements and at what amount. This will bring about developing recognition criteria and will be inclusive of a discussion of when elements of financial statements are recognized using different measurement focuses. For the GASB to make consistent financial reporting decisions, it is needed to have (1) definitions of the elements of financial statements, (2) a method of finding out when elements of financial statements should be realized in the financial statements, and (3) a method for determining which measurement attribute (for example, historical cost or fair value) is suitable for reporting the elements. The GASB in recent times issued a Concepts Statement on the definitions for the elements of financial statements, and a conceptual framework project on recognition and measur ement attributes is needed to complete the conceptual basis for reporting items in traditional financial statements. I. Deficiencies in Financial reporting practices What messages are financial statements conceptually trying to put forward (That is, what is the story that the financial